Everything about John Baliol Of Scotland totally explained
John de Balliol (c.
1249 – c.25 November
1314) was
King of the Scots (1292-1296).
Early life
Little of John's early life is known. He was born between 1248 and 1250 at an unknown location, possibilities including
Galloway,
Picardy and
Barnard Castle,
County Durham. He was the son of
Dervorguilla of Galloway, daughter of
Alan, Lord of Galloway and granddaughter of
David, Earl of Huntingdon, by her husband
John, 5th Baron de Balliol, Lord of Barnard Castle. From his mother he inherited significant lands in Galloway and claim to
Lordship over the
Galwegians, as well as various English and Scottish estates of the Huntingdon inheritance; from his father he inherited large estates in England and France, such as
Hitchin, in
Hertfordshire.
Accession as King of Scotland
Following the death of
Margaret of Scotland in
1290, John de Balliol was a
competitor The Scottish auditors' decision in favour of Balliol was pronounced in the Great Hall of
Berwick Castle on
November 17,
1292 Balliol was released into the custody of
Pope Boniface VIII on condition that he remain in a papal residence. He was later released around the summer of 1301 and lived the rest of his life on his family's ancestral estates at Hélicourt, Picardy.*
However, as his abdication had been obtained under considerable duress, his supporters subsequently argued that he was still the rightful King of Scotland. When the Scots rose in rebellion in
1297 under
William Wallace and
Andrew de Moray, they claimed that they were acting on behalf of King John. Although rebellions in Scotland continued over the years, this claim looked increasingly tenuous as John's position under nominal house-arrest of the papacy meant that he couldn't campaign for his release and return to Scotland, despite the Scots' diplomatic attempts in
Paris and
Rome. After 1302, he made no further attempts to extend his personal support to the Scots. Effectively, Scotland was left without a monarch until the accession of Robert the Bruce in
1306.
Death
John died around 25 November
1314 at his family's château at Hélicourt in
France. On
January 4,
1315, King
Edward II of England, writing to King
Louis X of France, said that he'd heard of the death of 'Sir John de Balliol' and requested the fealty and homage of Edward Balliol to be given by proxy.
It is supposed that he was interred in the church of St. Waast at Bailleul-sur-Eaune
Agnes (or Maud) de Balliol was married to Bryan FitzAlan, Lord FitzAlan, and feudal Baron of Bedale. They were parents to Agnes FitzAlan (b. 1298), who married Sir Gilbert Stapleton, Knt., of Bedale (1291-1324). Gilbert is better known for his participation in the assassination of Piers Gaveston, Earl of Cornwall.Further Information
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